Cost Performance Index: Earned Value, Actual Cost and Forecast Limits

MyBreakEven | Original fictional USD example | 3 November 2026

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Completed reference
MeasureValueCalculation
BAC100000Approved baseline
PV60000Scheduled work
EV50000Completed work
AC62500Recognized actual cost
CPI0.8EV / AC
EAC remaining at budget112500AC + BAC - EV
EAC same efficiency125000BAC / CPI
Bottom-up EAC120500AC + 58000

Your case

Business / period / source records / assumptions / reviewer / decision / review date

Blank worksheet
MeasureValueCalculation
BACEnter hereEnter here
PVEnter hereEnter here
EVEnter hereEnter here
ACEnter hereEnter here
CPIEnter hereEnter here
EAC remaining at budgetEnter hereEnter here
EAC same efficiencyEnter hereEnter here
Bottom-up EACEnter hereEnter here

Method and controls

Define planned value, earned value and actual cost

Planned value is the approved budget for work scheduled by the status date. Earned value is the approved budget for work actually completed by that date, using a defensible completion method. Actual cost records what that completed work has cost on a consistent accounting basis. Match scope, cut-off and currency before dividing.

CPI = EV ÷ AC. Below 1 means the measured work has consumed more actual cost than its budgeted value; above 1 means the opposite. A zero actual-cost denominator needs investigation, not a fabricated finite index. Missing supplier accruals can make CPI look artificially favorable.

Calculate cost and schedule performance separately

Original fictional project status date
MeasureAmount / resultMeaning
Budget at completion (BAC)$100,000Approved project budget
Planned value (PV)$60,000Budgeted work scheduled so far
Earned value (EV)$50,000Budgeted completed work
Actual cost (AC)$62,500Cost recognized to the status date
CPI0.80$50,000 ÷ $62,500
Cost variance−$12,500EV − AC
Schedule performance index0.8333EV ÷ PV

The project has earned $0.80 of budgeted work for each actual dollar. CPI does not mean a 20% profit loss, and the schedule index does not directly convert into days late. In this example, cost performance and scheduled completion both require investigation, but they describe different dimensions.

Full method and limitations