Cost Volume Profit Analysis: Break-Even, Target Profit and Capacity

MyBreakEven | Original fictional USD example | 3 November 2026

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Completed reference
UnitsSalesVariable costsContributionOperating profit
15018000108007200-2400
200240001440096000
2503000018000120002400
3003600021600144004800

Your case

Business / period / source records / assumptions / reviewer / decision / review date

Blank worksheet
UnitsSalesVariable costsContributionOperating profit
150Enter hereEnter hereEnter hereEnter here
200Enter hereEnter hereEnter hereEnter here
250Enter hereEnter hereEnter hereEnter here
300Enter hereEnter hereEnter hereEnter here

Method and controls

Start with one consistent unit and cost boundary

Operating profit = units × (net price − variable cost per unit) − fixed operating costs. Contribution per unit is net price less variable cost. The contribution ratio divides that contribution by price. Break-even units equal fixed costs divided by positive unit contribution. Required units for a profit target equal (fixed costs + target operating profit) divided by unit contribution.

If contribution is zero or negative, selling more of the unchanged offer does not cover positive fixed costs. Keep every amount in the same period and currency. Owner wages included in fixed costs must not be added again as a separate profit goal. Drawings and financing require separate cash treatment.

Reconcile the profit at several volumes

Original fictional monthly case: $120 price, $72 variable cost, $9,600 fixed costs
Sold unitsSalesVariable costContributionOperating profit
150$18,000$10,800$7,200−$2,400
200$24,000$14,400$9,600$0
250$30,000$18,000$12,000$2,400
300$36,000$21,600$14,400$4,800

Unit contribution is $48, the contribution ratio is 40%, and exact break-even is 200 units or $24,000. A $4,800 operating-profit target requires 300 units. A $5,000 target would require 304.1667 units mathematically; 305 whole units produce $5,040 profit under the unchanged assumptions.

Full method and limitations